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First-Order Perturbations of Covariant Maxwell Equations in Gravitational Waves

We present a systematic theoretical framework for investigating first-order electromagnetic (EM) perturbations induced by gravitational waves (GWs). Beginning with the covariant Maxwell equations, we derive the complete first-order perturbation equations in terms of both the EM field tensor and the four-potential, demonstrating their equivalence alongside the residual gauge invariance under the Lorenz gauge condition.

First detected by CosmosBrief 2d ago · earliest known source in monitored dataset: arXiv astro-ph

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First detected by CosmosBriefarXiv astro-ph·Wed, 27 May 2026 15:59:35 GMT· INT

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First-Order Perturbations of Covariant Maxwell Equations in Gravitational Waves

arXiv astro-phr903d ago· International

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First detected by CosmosBriefMay 27, 2026, 03:59 PM· arXiv astro-ph· INTconf 70%
First-Order Perturbations of Covariant Maxwell Equations in Gravitational Waves
We present a systematic theoretical framework for investigating first-order electromagnetic (EM) perturbations induced by gravitational waves (GWs). Beginning with the covariant Maxwell equations, we derive the complete first-order perturbation equations in terms of both the EM field tensor and the four-potential, demonstrating their equivalence alongside the residual gauge invariance under the Lorenz gauge condition.
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